Groundwater Defluoridation Using Novel Metal Modified Clay and Diatomaceous Earth Adsorbents

This study proposed to evaluate selected clay soils and minerals in South Africa for their capacity to adsorb fluoride from aqueous solutions. The clay soils were obtained from a selected area of Limpopo province in South Africa and was not extend to clay soils and minerals from other regions. The main aim of the project was to evaluate locally available smectite-rich clays soils and diatomaceous earth either in their raw form or modified with high charge density cations, their oxides, or mixed oxides/hydroxides for defluoridation of groundwater.